Children s Appearance Rigidity And Cognitive Theories Of...

Elizabeth Meyer PSYC 232 05 A. May Ling Halim and Diane N. Ruble, 2013, Pink Frilly Dresses and the Avoidance of all things ‘girly’: Children’s Appearance Rigidity and Cognitive Theories of Gender Development, Developmental Psychology Vol 50 (4) pp.1091-1101 B. I chose this article because I found it to be a subject I could relate to. Growing up with a sister a younger than me, and a brother a year younger than her I distinctly remember all of us going through stages of being extremely picky about our clothes. Throughout my preschool years, I had the tendency of wanting everything to be pink, and my sister was the opposite and wanted everything to be blue. However, once I reached about second grade, I became the tomboy and my sister began†¦show more content†¦3. Methods a. Study 1a was comprised of 76 children. This group was made up of 39 girls and 37 boys ages 3.13 to 6.98 years old. 38 of the children made up the older half, and 38 made up the younger half. b. The subjects of this study were recruited from public and private schools in New York City. Some were also related to university faculty and staff. These children were from primarily white families of middle to upper middle-class backgrounds. About 10% of the cohort came from Asian, Latino, and African American families. c. This study used female researchers to interview the primary caretaker of each child. The caretaker pool was made up of 74 mothers and two fathers. The interviews took place at the university and over the phone. The researchers asked questions about lifetime appearance rigidity, such as, â€Å"has your daughter (son) ever insisted on wearing traditional feminine (masculine) clothes whenever she (he) went out? Please describe.† d. Parents described if their child had ever been insistent on gender typed clothing on a scale of one to four, with one being no interest in gender-typed clothes, and four being insistent on gender-typed clothes. This rating was determined by the ways children expressed gender rigidity. The parents were also asked about current gender-typed appearance in their children, and their response was then rated on a scale of one toShow MoreRelatedPsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Objective I.1 Define psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes. |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |None | | Key Terms Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes. Exercises 1. Put a check markRead MoreIdentity And The Search For The Self Among The Sub Continental Diaspora10173 Words   |  41 Pagesquality or condition of being a specific person or an object†. A person’s identity is determined in terms of his/her inherited traditions, particularly the inherited religion of the community in which they happen to be born, the place and society, gender, features and last but not the least the colour of the skin. (Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny, p. 151). According to Stuart Hall identity is not a fixed or an â€Å"accomplished fact† rather it is a movement which is â€Å"alwaysRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead M oreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesto do here is offer us a way to appreciate the importance of Rastafarianism as a religious phenomenon that is consistent with much of what happens when religious groups and movements grow and develop. Indeed, there is a remarkable logic to the development of Rasta that deï ¬ es the notion that it is a movement of the insane and the misguided. Given the way in which Rastafarianism has arrived in the world, it is useful when someone is able to help us understand its origins and propose how we can thenRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pages a. It is inflicted by the group in its corporate capacity upon one who is regarded as a member of the same group. b. Punishment involves pain or suffering produced by designed and justified by some value that the suffering is assumed to have. ï  ½ THEORIES OF JUSTIFICATION OF PENALTIES: 1. Prevention. The state must punish the criminal to prevent or suppress the danger to the state arising from the criminal acts of the offender. 2. Self-defense. The state has the right to punish the criminal as a measureRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIonRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesproduct or service development should be What the appropriate time horizons for investments and financial planning are How to implement productive cost reduction How to recognize when regular audits of quality compliance will not guarantee customer loyalty Businesses are growing more intricate and at warp speed. For example, consider the effects of venture capital financing, multiple marketing channel distribution, and entirely new patterns of employee recruiting, development, and training. InRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesPrentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - 1548 Words

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that results in insulin dependence due to failure of secretion of the hormone insulin by beta cells in the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes usually manifests in childhood, 20 years of age – the reason for which it was formerly termed juvenile diabetes, and is more prevalent in Caucasians then in any other ethnicity (Diabetes Basics, n.d.). The key to proper management is early detection, patient education, and most importantly patient compliance. The patient will commonly present with multiple symptoms, the most common are the 3 P’s – polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. However, subjective symptoms may include reports of fatigue, abdominal pain, nocturnal enuresis, weight loss, changes in†¦show more content†¦Another important aspect to diabetes management is activity and exercise, it is essential to glycemic control that diabetics participate in regular exercise routines. The healthier the body the less lik ely the patient is to develop complications secondary to diabetes. Lifestyle also plays a huge role, diabetics that smoke and drink alcohol are also at a higher risk for complications. There are two categories of insulin – long-acting and rapid-acting, both are administered subcutaneously by injection and are measured in units. The long acting insulin - basal, detemir or glargine, has an onset of 3-4 hours and a duration of 24 hours. It is released slowly resulting in a constant effect over time (Insulin glargine, n.d.). Due to its long duration, long-acting insulin is generally administered every twenty-four hours, but it may be divided into two doses and administered every 12 hours. The dose is determined by the endocrinologist, or physician in charge of care, and is based on the patient’s needs. Rapid-acting insulin - bolus, aspart or lispro, has an onset of approximately 15 minutes with a duration of 3-4 hours (insulin lispro, n.d.). Rapid-acting insulin is admini stered directly before meals and dose varies according to blood glucose values and carbohydrate intake. Counting carbohydrates is anShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus3781 Words   |  16 PagesTable of Contents I. Introduction to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus a. What it is b. Prevalence and demographics c. Treatment II. Cognitive Outcomes: Mood and Memory a. Memory i. Neural Basis of Memory ii. Cognitive Outcome of TIDM on Memory III. Structural Brain Changes: MRI Studies a. The Hippocampus i. Purpose and Function of the Hippocampus ii. Previous studies on T1DM and Hippocampal Volume iii. The Cognitive Effects of T1DM on Hippocampal Volume b. Other Brain Areas IV. Conclusion aRead MoreTypes Of Diabetes Mellitus : Insulin Dependent ( Type 1 )1778 Words   |  8 Pages Maggie Roman MED 2056 Cohort FT31 Diabetes Mellitus Mrs. Annabelle June 29, 2015 The human body achieves homeostasis through the coordination of organs and different systems throughout the body. In particular, the endocrine system plays a functional role in regulating the body’s physiological activities via chemical substances, known as hormones. The endocrine cells secrete hormones in response to body signals in a negative feedback loop, which is a self-regulatory response intendedRead MoreType 1 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus1900 Words   |  8 PagesType 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents but can sometimes be diagnosed in older age. It is defined as a chronic condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin which is needed to allow glucose, known as the bodies source of fuel, to enter the cells. Type 1 diabetes does not have a cure but can be managed with proper treatment of insulin therapy. Type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is commonly caused by genetics, obesityRea d MoreIntensive Glucose Control Of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesTopic Intensive glucose control of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to maintain blood glucose levels (BGLs) near normal range Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can occur from insufficient insulin secretion. Insulin is a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas and regulates BGLs (Loghmani, 2005; Nussey Whitehead, 2001). Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this, the body produces no, or very little, insulin which canRead MoreChronic Condition Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus1724 Words   |  7 PagesThis report investigates children living with the Chronic condition of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Chronic illness is a disease or condition that is persistent, with long term effects for an individual. Chronic is applied, when a condition last for a duration of three months or greater. According to the World Health Organisation (2017), Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths, along with heart disease, stroke, cancer and chronic respiratoryRead MoreCase Study : The Emergency Room With Dka And Ne w Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Essay2297 Words   |  10 PagesGeneral Hospital for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. DKA is an emergency situation that results in 100,000 hospitalizations in the US yearly, a 9% mortality rate, and treatments of reportedly 1 billion dollars per year (Katsilambros, Kanaka-Gantenbein, Liatis, Makrilakis, Tentolouris, 2011). Presenting to the emergency room with DKA is the first manifestation of type 1 diabetes in 30% of cases (Katsilambros et al., 2011). This paper will examine MrRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 1 : A Condition That Results From The Autoimmune Destruction Of Insulin Producing Beta Cells850 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Type 1 is a condition that results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. This type of Diabetes Mellitus accounts for about 5% of cases of diabetes. It affects males and females equally, and is usually diagnosed unde r the age of twenty. I was diagnosed with Juvenile Diabetes when I was eleven. I had been experiencing the common symptoms of extreme thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and sugar cravings for a few weeks. I was taken toRead MoreType 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Mellitus1711 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that occurs when insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are damaged or are being destroyed (Mahan, Escott-Stump Raymond, 2012). The gradual destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas usually leads to complete insulin deficiency, which ultimately manifests itself in the following symptoms at clinical onset: â€Å"high blood glucose (hyperglycemia), frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), and a significant amount of weightRead MoreTypes Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus1713 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that occurs when insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are damaged or are being destroyed (Mahan, Escott-Stump Raymond, 2012). The gradual destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas usually leads to complete insulin deficiency, which ultimately manifests itself in the following symptoms at clinical onset: â€Å"high blood glucose (hyperglycemia), frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), and a significant amount of weightRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Type 1 Diabetes1017 Words   |  5 PagesBushaw Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 Diabetes Research Paper 11/16/2014 Diabetes Mellitus also known as—Juvenile Onset Diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, and Insulin Dependent Diabetes. It is a chronic autoimmune disease described by high blood glucose levels due to insulin levels being inadequate to maintain normal glucose levels. This research paper will discuss the symptoms and signs, etiology, who it triggers, how it happen, and treatment for Type 1 Diabetes. Symptoms and signs of Type 1 Diabetes are hyperglycemia

The Working Roles of Animals Free Essays

Animals in the media Animals have been used in the media for many years as they catch the eye of the viewer. Animals which are used in advertisements usually don’t have any or much relevance to the products being advertised. An example of this is the adverts for Dulux Paint, which uses an Old English Sheep dog in their adverts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Working Roles of Animals or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have used this breed of dog in their adverts since 1961 because this breed of dog has been used for so many years people associate it with the Dulux Company. The adverts catch people’s attention and as the dog has no relevance to paint products and therefore people will discuss the adverts. Another example of animals having no relevance to the product in which they are being advertised is the Andrex adverts, they use Labrador puppies in their adverts for toilet paper. When the adverts first came out, Golden Labrador puppies became extremely in demand. However some of the people who were buying the puppies had done little to no research about the dog. The appeal of owning a Labrador was having a small, cute dog. However many owners didn’t realise the size that they would grow to, many owners then re-homed them as they grew larger. However, there are exceptions to this where the animals are relevant to the product being advertised. These adverts are usually for pet products and rescue centres. Recue centres use abandoned looking animals in their adverts, which is an emotive technique. Another example of animals being used relevantly in adverts is pet products, such as Iam’s or Pedigree. They show the animals which the product is for. They use cute animals which the public find appealing. Many adverts portray animals inaccurately; this causes people to believe that the images which are shown are a true reflection of the animal, as they have little or no knowledge of how the animal behaves. This may result in people potentially buying dangerous pets. This can be harmful to the owner or the animal and can result in abandonment. Animals which are portrayed as unpleasant, scary or dangerous can be in danger when people assume animals are worse than they are from seeing them on television. A good example of this is ‘Harry Potter’, where spiders are shown to be dangerous and scary. This causes people to have a higher fear of the animals, this can also develop into phobias, which may result in people hurting or killing animals. Another good example of where animals are portrayed to be much more vicious than they actually are is in the film ‘Jaws’. Great white sharks are perceived to be human killers and go out of their way to hunt humans whereas in reality the chance of being killed by a shark is less than 1 in 264. 1 million (1). Films also promote animals, implying that they would be good pets. In the film ‘101 Dalmatians’ many breeds of dogs are perceived as being extremely intelligent and easy to care for. This causes people to purchase them without doing the correct research and easily become overwhelmed with the responsibility of caring for a dog. Animals in sports The most popular sports involving animals are horse racing, dog racing and angling. Many people find pleasure and excitement in racing and betting on animals, it creates enjoyment for owners, trainers and spectators. A large part of racing is when people gamble on the race. This will generate money for the owners and trainers of the animals as well as the book makers and the people who place the winning bets. Television will provide a source of income and promote the sport. People may also watch the races and place bets at their local Bookies. The animals which win the most races, are the most successful and will be highly valued for breeding. This helps to ensure good offspring for racing. Race horses will usually be spoilt and have the best quality of life to ensure that they are the fittest they can possibly be for racing. However, Greyhounds may be starved and beaten before races. Starving the dogs may provoke them to run faster to try and catch the ‘rabbit’ because their natural instincts kick in. Some owners/trainers may be more concerned with the financial gain than the animals’ welfare. As a result animals may be harmed during training. This also means that animals that are not fit enough to race may be abandoned, rehomed or destroyed. Animals may also be killed during racing as a result of injuries. Angling is very popular in the UK. Live bait is usually used to attract the fish but dead bait or artificial lures can be used instead. There are different types of angling including coarse, game and sea. The advantages of angling include the financial gain for manufacturers, dealers, charter skippers and the owners of the lakes and rivers where fishing takes place. The water quality in the lakes and rivers has greatly improved over recent years to benefit the stocks which also improve the quality of the fish’s life and the underwater ecosystem. Many of the fish are returned to the lake or river in which they came. There are also disadvantages with angling. Fish will become stressed and physically injured through being captured and handled. Even when the fish are returned to lake/river, they may not always survive due to the shock. Careless anglers have been known to spread disease within the lakes and rivers. Alien species have also been introduced to the ecosystem which shall compete with the native species. Animal fighting is illegal in the UK as well as other countries. Animals which are used to fight include bulls, cocks, dogs, fish, as well as badger and bear baiting. There are no advantages in this for the animals however some people get pleasure and money from this particular sport. The dogs are mistreated and starved so they become more aggressive. All animals involved in fighting suffer and many die from injury and infections to wounds received. The survivors to the fight will not receive the veterinary treatment that they require; therefore the healing process will be long and painful. Animals in work Animals have been used for helping disabled people and in working situations for many years. Guide dogs are given to the blind or extremely visually impaired people so that they find it easier to partake in everyday life. The dogs are trained to watch out for cars and objects that the owner may walk into, the dog will be able to guide them away from danger. Dogs can also be specially trained to help the disabled by opening doors, retrieving medicines and food. They can also be trained to alert help if the owner is injured or is unconscious. Some dogs can be trained to detect oncoming epileptic fits and can therefore warn the owner before a seizure occurs. Animals can also be used in a farming environment. The dogs which are commonly used are Border Collies, they are used to herd animals into a group. They are extremely intelligent and can learn commands by whistling and speech easily. They are trained to know the difference between herding left and right, they are also usually trained from a young age and are used until they are old. Dogs such as Spaniels can be used as gun dogs, this is where a shooting team shoots down birds and the dog will retrieve it unharmed. Horses were used to plough fields, gather sheep and cattle and transporting goods. However, they have now been replaced by machines. Animals in commercial use Animals can be used for their meat or for the products they produce. Chickens are used for their eggs until they can’t produce anymore, then they are killed for their meat. Battery farms keep chickens in cruel conditions, they will sometimes be force fed and have their beaks cut off to avoid pecking other chickens in the overcrowded conditions. Free range chickens however, are kept in good conditions with lots of room to run around. Cows are used for their milk, which can be turned in to yogurts and cheese; meat and their skin, which is used to make leather. Animals can also be used for medical testing as well as the testing of cosmetics. Many animals are put through stressful situations whilst being tested on. Medical testing can include testing drugs on animals for humans. However, animals have a different anatomy to humans and what may be harmful to them may be good for humans. For example, rabbits will die from taking Penicillin whereas it is beneficial to humans. Testing cosmetics on animals is needless as there are alternative methods to testing products. It’s not as common as it used to be, however, it does still happen. Products that don’t test on animals often publicise it as it’s an effective selling point. How to cite The Working Roles of Animals, Essay examples

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis. Answer: Introduction: SPE sample configuration approach is widely utilized in the discipline of forensic toxicology and drug analysis and effectively supersedes other conventional sampling techniques (including liquid-liquid extraction)(1). SPE method continues to benefit the research analysis due to its reduced cost, limited error sources, reduced procedure steps and operation time and utilization of smaller amount of solvent. SPE intervention effectively utilizes the evidence-based approaches including clean-up, purification, concentration and isolation in a versatile manner for retrieving the desirable outcomes(1). The sustained enhancement of stationary phases with appropriate columns is the preliminary cause of the selection of SPE method over LLE (liquid-liquid extraction) intervention(2). SPE intervention is comparatively a faster method that facilitates the systematic tracking of numerous drugs that remained unexplored by the conventional LLE modality(2). Evidence-based research literature reveals the elevated potential of d-SPE (dispersive solid phase extraction) process in terms of evaluating the existence of 13 cytostatic drugs through urine sampling. The high sensitivity of SPE intervention in terms of tracking the drug traces with the lowest quantification limit makes this approach as a preferred diagnostic modality requiring deployment in undertaking forensic drug analysis(3). The analysis by(4) indicates the elevated efficiency of SSE method (in comparison to the routine LLE approach) in evaluating the pattern of urinary morphine. The research intervention by (5)indicates the effectiveness of LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) and solid-phase extraction interventions in terms of attaining sensitive, precise, accurate and rapid resolution of various drugs metabolites in the human urine. Evidence-based analysis by(6) rationally indicates the potential of concomitant utilization of SPE and capillary electrophoresis modalities in terms of evaluating the pattern of drug abuse through urine sample analysis of the drug abusers. The research investigation by (7)reveals the applicability of SPE procedure in term of systematically recovering diuretics at a higher yield. However, the specificity of this intervention is based on the selection of matrix, pre-activated columns and urine sample composition. This research intervention systematically explored the specificity and sensitivity of SPE intervention (as compared to LLE modality) in identifying the pattern of drug traces in human urine samples. The stock preparation was performed with the systematic utilization of the following ingredients. 100ul of 100ug/mL morphine 3-glucuronide (calibrator stock solution) 100ul of 100ug/mL morphine 6-glucuronide (calibratorstock solution) 100ul of 100ug/ml morphine (calibrator stock solution) The above-mentioned ingredients were serially incorporated in a screw top test tube (of 10ml capacity and plastic configuration). Subsequently, the volume configuration of 10ml was acquired with the addition of methanol. The lab technician replaced the tip of micropipette while contacting it to different solutions with the objective of reducing the scope of contamination. The tube inversion was eventually undertaken several times with the objective of ascertaining adequate mixing of the desirable solution. The urine sample of 500ul was prepared in a 10mL test tube (10ml-plastic screw cap type) with the utilization of a micropipette. The following ingredients were subsequently added in the test tube in accordance with the laboratory conventions. Internal standard (100uL) [i.e. 1ug.ml morphine-d3 in HCl] 1N HCl (1ml) Methanol (10uL) The above-mentioned ingredients were sequentially whirled and vortexed for a duration of one minute. The replacement of the micropipette tips was performed during the systematic preparation of the solutions for reducing the scope of contamination. The freshly labelled plastic screw top (10ml test tube) was utilized for holding the blank urinefollowing its systematic transfer through micropipette (50ul). The following ingredients were subsequently incorporated in the same test tube prior to its 1-min whirling process. mlmorphine-d3 in HCl (100ul internal standard) 1N HCl (1ml) Stock preparation (10uL) The lab technician replaced the micropipette tip while preparing each solution for avoiding contamination. Both configured test tubes were eventually centrifuged at a speed of 3000rpm, for duration of 5 minutes and at 4c temperature. The vacuum manifold rack was utilized for placing both screw top plastic test tubes (10ml each) with the objective of collecting the waste. The waste tubes prepared the ground for setting the taps required for fixating the sample preparation extraction cartridges. The following cartridges were systematically utilized during the process of solid phase extraction. MCX3cc cartridge, OASIS Waters corporation, Milford, Massachusetts USA 1-ml methanol and 0.1N HCl were subsequently utilized for washing the cartridges. The washing process was undertaken for reducing the scope of dryness of the cartridges. The tap was eventually closed while leaving minimal volume of liquid. The addition of the urine sample to the first cartridge was performed after undertaking the process of centrifugation. The urine sample was instilled in a manner to leave a small amount of the same in the cartridge. The sample of blank urine and stock was then incorporated in the second cartridge while replicating the same process. The micropipette was then utilized for incorporating 0.1N HCl (2ml wash) in cartridges. The sample was again run in a manner for leaving minimal volume in the context of reducing the scope of cartridge dryness. The entire waste was discarded after collecting the same in test tubes (10ml each). A vacuum manifold was utilized for drying the samples at 10mm Hg pressure. The vacuum manifold taps remained accessible for 2 min utes during sample drying. The consistency of pressure was noticed during the entire length of the drying time. Subsequently, both columns were incorporated with 2ml of 5% ammonium hydroxide (menthol base) after the process of drying. The glass test tubes failed to adjust with the vacuum manifold and therefore, plastic test tubes (10ml) were utilized for the eventual running of elute. Post Laboratory Findings The laboratory analysis revealed that the weaker solvent passed through the tube under the influence of analyte and the stronger solvent survived in the tube for a longer term (as evident with the elevated retention time peak). The first two urine samples initially displayed elevation in the analyte peak height and area. However, the third sample displayed reduced peak height during the initial phase followed by an abrupt elevation in the analyte peak height and area. Accordingly, the analyte retention time in the initial two samples wascomparatively less than the analyte retention time in the third urine sample. The analyte peak area and peak height in the first blank urine sample were recorded as the highest in comparison to the other two blank urine samples. Similarly, the analyte retention time in the initial blank urine sample was found to be less in comparison to the analyte retention time in other two urine samples. The IS peak areas and heights in the three samples exhibited the same pattern of variation in comparison to the standardized benchmarks. However, the IS retention time appeared consistent in accordance with the standardized benchmarks in all the three samples. The elevation in analyte peak heights in the samples indicates their elevated purity values(8). The enhancement of analyte peak areas in the samples under the minimum influence of matrix effects indicates the high sensitivity of SPE intervention in tracking the drug traces in the evaluated urine samples(9). The pattern of consistency in the analytes retention times in the three samples indicated the potential of SPE i ntervention in terms of detecting small concentrations of various drugs particles under standard conditions(10). Conclusion The presented laboratory intervention attempted to explore the potential of SPE modality in terms of detecting the quantity of drug traces in three samples of human urine. The recorded variation in the analyte peak area/height/retention time and IS peak area/height/retention time evidentially indicate the elevated affinity of SPE method for the drugs of abuse in the matrix of human urine. This affirms the high precision of SPE approach (in comparison to LLE intervention) in terms of identifying the drugs of intertest in human urine samples with the systematic utilization of mixed mode cartridges. The systematic handling process and precise outcomes make the SPE modality as a preferred laboratory intervention requiring administration for evaluating the pattern of drug abuse during forensic investigation. References tles S, Kartal C. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE): Principles and Applications in Food Samples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria. 2016; 15(1): p. 5-15. Juhascik MP, Jenkins AJ. Comparison of liquid/liquid and solid-phase extraction for alkaline drugs. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 2009; 47(4): p. 553-557. Fabrizi G, Fioretti M, Mainero RL. Biomedical Chromatography. Dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure coupled to UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for the simultaneous determination of thirteen cytotoxic drugs in human urine. 2016; 30(8): p. 1297-1308. Ahadi A, Partoazar A, Abedi-Khorasgani MH, Shetab-Boushehrid SV. Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography with solid-phase extraction-high-performance thin layer chromatography in detection of urinary morphine. The Journal of Biomedical Research. 2011; 25(5): p. 362-367. Chimalakonda KC, Moran CL, Kennedy PD, Endres GW, Uzieblo A, Dobrowolski PJ, et al. Solid-phase extraction and quantitative measurement of omega and omega-1 metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 in human urine. Analytical Chemistry. 2011; 83(16): p. 6381-6388. Baciu T, Borrull F, Neus C, Aguilar C, Calul M. Capillary electrophoresis combined in-line with solid-phase extraction using magnetic particles as new adsorbents for the determination of drugs of abuse in human urine. Electrophoresis. 2016; 37(9): p. 1232-1244. Cadwallader AB, Torre Xdl, Tieri A, Botr F. The abuse of diuretics as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sport doping: pharmacology, toxicology and analysis. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2010; 161(1): p. 1-16. Hays PA, Thompson RA. A processing method enabling the use of peak height for accurate and precise proton NMR quantitation. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry. 2009; 47(10): p. 819-824. Fanng N, Yu S, Ronis MJJ, Badger TM. Matrix effects break the LC behavior rule for analytes in LC-MS/MS analysis of biological samples. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2015; 240(4): p. 488-497. Mochamad L, Hermanto B. High-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet-photodiode array detection method for aflatoxin B1 in cattle feed supplements. Veterinary World. 2017; 8(932-938): p. 10.

A Step Toward Maturity free essay sample

As a little girl, my dream was to be a ballerina. Dancers were beautiful and perfect people, much like the dolls I loved to play with. When I was seven years old, I made the decision to stop taking piano lessons to make time for ballet lessons. The day my mother took me to a local ballet school to observe a class was a major turning point in my young life. I knew from the moment I saw the joy and pure bliss on the dancers faces that I, too, wanted to dance, to experience the same carefree feelings the dancers had. I had my mother sign me up for lessons after that class. I started taking lessons and I absolutely loved them. My classmates were really friendly, and as time went on, we grew into a close-knit family. My ballet class was my second home. We did everything together: moved to the next advanced level, got our toe shoes, danced in recitals, and participated in Royal Academy of Dancing (RAD) exams. We will write a custom essay sample on A Step Toward Maturity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My friends in my class made ballet so enjoyable that I thought I would always be dancing with them. It was my dream, my passion, my love, my life. As we progressed, now taking lessons five days a week for four hours a day (instead of twice a week), the whole dancing attitude became more serious and less enjoyable. My teacher brought a scale into the studio, making us weigh ourselves so she could record our weight in her rank book. I didnt think much of this at the time, but when other changes in the classroom occurred, I was able to make sense out of it. She started to single out one of my friends and me, especially me. She would say, Stop eating the cookies and the cakes; you could slim down a bit. I heard these words every day. I was simply crushed to hear this from my teacher. My love for ballet was diminishing quickly. I was on the verge of crying every day in my class, but I somehow managed to hold back my tears. Seven years of ballet lessons had come to this? Hatred toward my dream? But there was no longer any dream; my dream was shattered to pieces. I told my mother what my teacher was saying and she was shocked. We had to do something to stop this, because it was corrupting my life. My mother called my ballet teacher and had a long and painful talk with her. When she denied saying these things, I decided that it was no use arguing, since my mother and I knew that I was right. The only way to end this torture was to quit ballet. As much as it was a huge part of my life and as much as I had loved it, at fourteen years old I knew it was time to move on. It was time to leave my beloved ballet family. Why keep doing something that was no longer gratifying? At the time, my decision felt right. I had a great deal of anger built up inside of me because of my teacher. I needed to proceed and admit that maybe, just maybe, I wouldnt have been successful as a professional dancer. The first year after I quit, I felt some regret. Ballet had been a major part of my life, and leaving it so abruptly was really tough. Nevertheless, it was necessary to make this mature decision. I am proud of the choice I made. I cant imagine what my life would be like had I stuck with ballet. That rigorous lifestyle was not for me. In the words of singer Fiona Apple, Though dreams can be deceiving, like faces are to hearts, they serve for sweet relieving when fantasy and reality lie too far apart.

A Profile in Composition

A Profile in Composition A profile is a  biographical essay, usually developed through a combination of anecdote, interview, incident, and description. James McGuinness, a staff member at  The New Yorker  magazine in the 1920s, suggested the term profile (from the Latin, to draw a line) to the magazines editor, Harold Ross. By the time the magazine got around to copyrighting the term, says David Remnick, it had entered the language of American journalism (Life Stories, 2000). Observations on Profiles A Profile is a short exercise in biographya tight form in which interview, anecdote, observation, description, and analysis are brought to bear on the public and private self. The literary pedigree of the profile can be traced from Plutarch to Dr. Johnson to Strachey; its popular modern reinvention is owed to The New Yorker, which set up shop in 1925 and which encouraged its reporters to get beyond ballyhoo to something more probing and ironic. Since then, with the wacky proliferation of media, the genre has been debased; even the word itself has been hijacked for all kinds of shallow and intrusive journalistic endeavors.(John Lahr, Show and Tell: New Yorker Profiles. University of California Press, 2002)In 1925, when [Harold] Ross launched the magazine he liked to call his comic weekly [The New Yorker], he wanted something differentsomething sidelong and ironical, a form that prized intimacy and wit over biographical completeness or, God forbid, unabashed hero worship.  Ross told his writers and editors that, above all, he wanted to get away from what he was reading in other magazinesall the Horatio Alger stuff. . . .The New Yorker Profile has expanded in many ways since Rosss time. What had been conceived of as a form to describe Manhattan personalities now travels widely in the world and all along the emotional and occupational registers. . . . One quality that runs through nearly all the best Profiles . . . is a sense of obsession. So many of these pieces are about people who reveal an obsession with one corner of human experience or another.  Richard Prestons Chudnovsky brothers  are obsessed with the number pi and finding the pattern in randomness; Calvin Trillins Edna Buchanan is an obsessive crime reporter in Miami who visits the scenes of disaster four, five times a day; . . . Mark Singers Ricky Jay is obsessed with magic and the history of magic. In every great Profile, too, the writer is equally obsessed. Its often the case that a writer will t ake months, even years, to get to know a subject and bring him or her to life in prose.(David Remnick, Life Stories: Profiles From The New Yorker. Random House, 2000) The Parts of a Profile One major reason writers create profiles is to let others know more about the people who are important to them or who shape the world in which we live. . . . [T]he introduction  to a profile needs to show readers that the subject is someone they need to know more aboutright now. . . . Writers also use the introduction of a profile to highlight some key feature of the subjects personality, character, or values . . ..The body of a profile . . . includes descriptive details that help readers visualize the subjects actions and hear the subjects words. . . .Writers also use the body of a profile to provide logical appeals in the form of numerous examples that show that the subject is indeed making a difference in the community. . . .Finally, the conclusion of a profile often contains one final quote or anecdote that nicely captures the essence of the individual.(Cheryl Glenn,  The Harbrace Guide to Writing, concise 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 201) Expanding the Metaphor In the classic Profile under [St. Clair] McKelway, the edges were smoothed out, and all effectsthe comic, the startling, the interesting, and occasionally, the poignantwere achieved by the choreography, in characteristically longer and longer (but never rambling) paragraphs filled with declarative sentences, of the extraordinary number of facts the writer had collected. The Profile metaphor, with its implicit acknowledgment of limited perspective, was no longer appropriate. Instead, it was as if the writer were continually circling around the subject, taking snapshots all the way, until finally emerging with a three-dimensional hologram.(Ben Yagoda, The New Yorker and the World It Made. Scribner, 2000)

The nurses' responsability in the prevention of medication errors Essay

The nurses' responsability in the prevention of medication errors - Essay Example With the number of law suits rising in the country regarding medical malpractices, the quality of care needs not be assumed, and must at all times be considered as a crucial aspect in medical practice (Reason, 2000). The author continues to argue that medical practitioners have faced disciplinary issues, shame and threats due to malpractices. Nurses’ role Since nurses are major players in offering medical care, they are concerned with the health of an individual from the onset of medication to the end (Cohen, 2007). In light to this argument, it is argued that nurses play the major role of ensuring that they understand the major factors that lead to errors in the medical provision. This role of prevention of errors is crucial in the prevention of medical errors (Cohen, 2007). Among these errors are inclusive of incorrect calculations of medical dosages, improper consultations, inexperience, and failure to adhere to the set protocols amongst others (Cohen, 2007). With these ave nues of medical errors in place, the quality of medical service is then jeopardized. In this case, the nurse should play the major role of ensuring that they minimize the avenues of cropping up of medical errors as possible. A good example is that of the nurses’ conversance with the FEMA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) that has been instrumental in alleviating chemotherapy errors (Hartranft, Sheridan-Leos & Schulmeister, 2006). Nurses are able to come up with thoughts on how to safeguard the safety of the patient care. Despite the fact that, Cohen (2007) indicates that the nurses are mostly forced by the management to cause some of these errors, they are should be on the frontline to ensure that they minimize as many challenges as they can. Secondly, in the medical setting, they must have vast experimental knowledge in the concerned field (Cohen, 2007). This allows the nurses have a big picture of the entire case, always counter check the medical history of a patient prior to making any form of conclusion (Cima, ?2011). This means that, the nurse is able to offer assistance by advocating for patient’s safety; thus, prevention of the occurrence of any form of delay in the institution. In this case, Cima (?2011) indicates that team work is possible, as well as involving leadership as a theme that allows nurses describe the various mechanisms of dealing with nurses’ errors. Thirdly, the nurses play the role of discovering the number and type of errors they make in the course of duty. As argued by Hwang et. al (2008), a majority of the errors made by nurses are inclusive of poor breakdown of workflow, which emanates from wrong identification of the patients, and using the wrong information on another patient (Patel et al., 2008). Besides that, it is also possible that the nurses mis-transfuse blood, which may cause adverse haemolytic reaction among the patients in question (Mole et. al, 2007). In the work of Bates and Kim (2006) and Escoto et. al (2008), nurses have a major role of correcting medical errors. This is possible by devising a medical error reporting system in the health institutio

Marine Smith Electronics and Boat Repair Case Study

Marine Smith Electronics and Boat Repair - Case Study Example Customer loyalty and commitment is important for us. Marine Smith has a lot of competition however it is ready to compete ahead and differentiate itself by offering hassle free but a full stocked repair. The customers will be provided with guaranteed boat repair in least possible time. We will have a customer oriented focus on the business; our employees are trained and are held responsible for providing superior services, developing a long lasting trust bond with the customer. This is important because in electronic and boat repair business trust and honest counts more then image of repair facilities. We will focus on both upper and lower class but few of our item prices will be more as depending upon its standard and quality. Marine Smith electronics and boat repair will stand against the barriers and remove them as time passes and the company grows, we expect the business to prosper in the next 3 years. MarineSmith Electronics and Boat Repair will provide electronics and boat repair services to all of Orange County. MISSION STATEMENT Our goal is to successfully penetrate the Orange County market and secure a loyal customer base that recognizes MarineSmith as the leader in Electronics and Boat Repair. ... Our objective is to have at least 95% customer satisfaction in the areas of honesty, reliability, and quality workmanship. Business philosophy is that for the first time we will provide quality workmanship. PRODUCT MARKET AND INDUSTRY Based on our plan we have decided to increase our net profits likewise. The total registered boats in Orange country are 4684 and there usage is divided as in chart Most of the boats are used in recreational activities and so our main focus will be on this area. Our services would be marketed towards boat owners, and being famous for tourism with around 45 million international and domestic tourist (Anaheim Orange country), it has a bright market and loyal customers in the country. COMPANY SUMMARY Marine smith electronics and boat repair is a new company and is a limited liability corporation. The economic growth of the last several years has resulted in increased disposable income. Many people have chosen to spend part of their increased income on their recreational activities. As a result, the need for reliable and convenient repair services has substantially risen as well. Marine Smith will position itself to capitalize on the growing need of the middle and upper class market for quality services in the Orange country. The company will be owned by Mr. Slaurie Smith. The initial startup cost would be as follows,

Art Analisys 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Analisys 2 - Essay Example Mary Cassatt’s unique mode of painting coupled with her interest in reproducing children portraits, grasped my attention during one of the recent visits to the National Gallery of Art, DC (National Gallery of Art, 2012). Consequently, this aroused my interest in her paintings because they contrasted with other numerous artworks in the art gallery, especially those of her male counterparts. In addition, after an intensive research I unveiled that she preferred featuring children in her paintings because they reveal their natural self contrary to the adults (National Gallery of Art, 2012). Besides Mary Cassatt being a woman, her paintings comprise the most praised impressionism artworks done by different reputable artists in her time (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). This is contrary to the past where women never featured anywhere in the male dominated field of art. The past â€Å"segregation† and negative perception towards women venturing in the field of art have recently yield ed to the rise of feminist movements, for example, "Guerrilla Girls" (Desmond, 2011). Material and Formal properties In this image, Mary Cassatt skillfully utilizes paint together with an oil canvas and brush, to show her prowess in transmitting ideas besides bringing out the aspect of impressionism (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). This is by selectively assigning all the objects in picture their respective natural colors, besides varying light’s intensity meant to show their different distances from the front position. For instance, despite the little child’s image tilted slightly from the center, it has high illumination compared to both the dog and rear objects (chairs) (Cassatt, 2008). Mainly, this is the painter’s unique technique to draw the viewers’ attention towards her focus, which is the little girl. Light should be emanating from the rear windows, but she goes ahead to provide her illumination (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). Consequently, this aids Mary Cas satt to bring out the aspect of naturalism represented by the little girl’s posture as she fidgets in the armchair, while in her private world of thoughts. The essence of negative space in this portrait is to create and emphasis on depth, which is apparent from the little girl’s position towards the rear windows. Hence, it contributes to the creation of harmony where the objects comprising the entire picture do not overlap disorderly (Cassatt, 2008). Content Mary Cassatt’s use of this image opens a window for the viewers to explore the lives of young children. The picture demonstrates that, children at certain instances become disinterested and bored despite being in the presence of things, which they usually treasure at their age. For example, in this image Mary Cassatt paints the little child with her favorite pet, next chair, in a beautiful room (Cassatt, 2012). However, not any of these things can sway the little girl from engaging in deep thoughts. This inf luences the viewer to start speculating what could be the thoughts of the little child, hence sharing in her world of thoughts. The image’s title also contributes to the mystery of the child’s thoughts, regardless of the viewer’s first influence by the image itself (National Gallery of Art, 2012). In addition, the essence of the sleeping pet in the next chair is to emphasis on what the little girl

Amsterdam Tourism Marketing Condition Tourism Essay

Amsterdam Tourism Marketing Condition Tourism Essay Amsterdam has long been regarded as diversified, international city. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, in 2008, 4.5 million visitors stayed over in Amsterdam. The city break markets significance and economic value is increasingly being acknowledged by city managers and administrators (Dunne, 2007). Domestic tourists constantly account for about 20% of Amsterdam tourist arrivals, followed by 18% of U.K tourists and 11% U.S tourists  [1]  . In 2009, due to the economic recession, during the first six months of 2009 the number of bed nights of international guests continued to decrease, with the UK (-23%), Spain (-20%) and the US (-9%)  [2]  . The significant change in 2009 tourism was the increase of Spain tourists and tourists from BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China). This indicated that no matter within or outside Europe, even during economic recession, the market potential would be worth exploring in the future. What makes a potential tourist come to Amsterdam? Before they start the trip, they have a perception of this city, which refers to destination image. The importance of the tourist destinations image is universally acknowledged, since it affects the individuals subjective perception and consequent behaviour and destination choice (Chon, 1990; Echtner Ritchie, 1991). That is to say, destination image motivates people travelling. Hall and OSullivan (1996) proposed that the creation of a destination image is based on three elements: (a) Returning tourists through word-of-mouth reporting, (b) Media reporting and image-making and (c) Government policies and interests. Supported by Seddighi et al. (2001), stated that perceptions about country image are formed through advertising and promotion, news accounts, conversation with friends and relatives, travel agents and past experiences (2001, p.182), suggesting that the attractiveness of destination needs an informative city image. In the three elements mentioned above, returning tourists reporting and media reporting are important factors in motivating people visiting Amsterdam. Amsterdam has various types of recreational areas that serve different types of tourists. Comparing with Berlin, Paris and Rome, Amsterdam has its language advantage. Amsterdam inhabitants speak fluent Nederlands and sufficient English. This creates an accommodating and friendly tourist environment. Whats more, the general hygiene of Amsterdam is well maintained. This city is relaxing and has no specific religion restrains. As a result, word-of-mouth would be generally good. The second factor, media reporting and image-making, is the part that can be improved. And the improvement will make significant difference in motivating more people coming to Amsterdam. It has a lot to do with target marketing. The city image of Amsterdam is diversified. On one hand, it could be a good thing: any types of tourists will find that this city fit them. However, it makes Amsterdam an optional place to visit. If potential tourists are not fully motivated to come to Amsterdam, they can easily change their destination to Paris or Madrid. It is important for Amsterdam to have specific image to target tourist groups. As to government policies, Amsterdam has a stable and safe social environment. Despite marijuana and prostitution are legal in this city, the crime rate holds medium to low comparing with other EU cities. And these two factors are attracting a lot of curious tourists and generating money from them. The local government of Amsterdam is making an effort to promote tourism. It is obvious this city welcomes tourist, for instance, the spread of tourist information office and tickets centres, English introductions in major tram lines to entertainment area. So this element can be regarded as accomplished. 2. Tourist Segmentation and Motivation 2.1 Demographic Breakdowns Collectively, previous studies have demonstrated that tourists with different cultural backgrounds may show differences in their motivations, preferred tourism resources, and behavioural characteristics (Chen et al. 2000). According to the factsheet 2009 of Amsterdam, the main travellers are from EU countries (76%). The geographic category is: The Netherlands, U.K, U.S, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, rest of Europe, Asia, rest of America, Africa and Oceania. Since tourism is a price sensitive industry, the demographic should include income. Educational background and age are also parts of tourist profile. 2.2 Subjective Culture Groups Hofstede (1980) found that people from different societies varied in terms of four subjective cultural aspects, including power distance, masculinity-femininity, individualism-collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance refers to the degree to which cultures encourage or maintain status differences between power holders. Masculinity-femininity refers to the relative emphasis on achievement which characterizes gender distinctions in some national cultures. Individualism means ones identity is by determined by personal choices and achievement. Collectivism has to do with ones identity is determined by the character of the collective groups to which one is attached. Uncertainty avoidance has to do with the degree to which societies and cultures develop ways to deal with the anxiety and stress of uncertainty (Kim, 1999). Previous research showed that western and Asian culture has distinctive difference with respect to four subjective cultural aspects (Enright, 1994; Dann, 1981). Power distance is bigger in Asian countries than in western countries. This implies the way people wanted to be accommodated differs when the culture background changes. Gender and religion issue could arise by travellers from Middle Eastern countries, for example, gender-separated prayer room would be appreciated by Muslims, while people from Japan and China probably would not pay much attention to it. Whats more, individualism is more appreciated in western countries while collectivism is an idea that commonly shared by Asian countries. The implication would be different focus when advertising Amsterdam. In western countries, DIY booklet of city tour would be more popular. In Asian countries, group easy access would satisfy potential travellers. People from different subjective cultural groups tend to link themselves with preferred city image of Amsterdam. So the city image of Amsterdam should have a different focus on media in different countries. 2.3 Motivation Factors Motivation has been referred to as psychological/biological/social needs and wants, including internal (or emotional) and external forces (Dann, 1981). In the context of tourist motivation, internal force is the desire to go travelling; external forces could be public holiday, attractive city experience, budget,etc. Motivation based segmentation helps marketers determine why visitors are consuming a product or service, and suggests the means by which visitors desires can be met (Oh et al., 1995). Therefore, tourist motivation studies are useful in developing product, promotion, and segmentation strategies. Analysis of tourist motivation attempts to extend the theoretical and empirical evidence on the causal relationship among the push and pull motivations, satisfaction, and destination loyalty (Yoon and Uysal, 2005). According to Uysal Hagan (1993), these forces describe how individuals are pushed by 6 motivation variables into making travel decisions and how they are pulled or attracted by destination attributes. Push factors are defined as origin-related and refer the intangible, intrinsic desires of the individual traveler, such as desire to escape, rest and relaxation, adventure, health and prestige. Pull factors are defined mainly related to the attractiveness of a given destination and tangible characteristics such as beaches, accommodation and recreation facilities and cultural and historical resources (Uysal Hagan, 1993). Goossens (2000) describes push and pull factors of tourist behavior as, two sides of the same motivational coin (2000, p. 302) and further posits that the psychological concept, emotion, connects both sides with needs functioning as a pushing motivation and benefits as a pulling motivation. More specifically, Kozak (2002) has categorized motivation push and pull factors into four subcategories: culture, pleasure-seeking/fantasy, relaxation, physical (2002, p.226). These four factors can be used in measuring tourist motivation. While Kay (2009) categorized motives as: social consumption, novelty, learn local culture and relaxation. These two categories shared similarity and have differences. 3. Marketing implication The travel market is often divided into four types of markets: personal business travel, government or corporate business travel, visiting friends and family, and leisure travel. Market segmentation is based on the profiles of target groups and measuring the attractiveness of the market (Zhang et al. 2007). In this paper, the main focus will be on leisure travel, because three types mentioned above are not sensitive to marketing strategies. They can be regarded as more fixed travel pattern on a fixed schedule and destination. 4. Theoretical Framework Motivations: 1. Relaxation 2. Social consumption 3. Pleasure-seeking/Novelty 4. Local culture Marketing implication of leisure travel to Amsterdam Subjective Culture Groups

Perfection According to Mayrs What is Evolution :: What is Evolution Essays Mayr

Perfection According to Mayr's What is Evolution In his book titled What is Evolution, Ernst Mayr bravely attempts to explain the complex biological processes of the development of plants and animals. His book, however, reaches beyond the realm of the science text book. With What is Evolution he attempts to educate an audience which may not have a strong science background but instead a strong literary background. Through this book Mayr strives for "a mid-level account of evolution, written not just for scientists but for the educated public." In short, he attempts to write a (non-fiction) scientific novel. Though his attempt to combine great literature and hard science is admirable he often gets himself into awkward situations when trying to please both the scientific and artistic sensibilities. His major problem in the book surrounds the use of the word "perfect." As a biologist, it may be easy to pass this word off as a synonym of "adaptedness," simply meaning well-suited to one's environment. As a literary-minded person, let al one English major, however, this word cannot slip by so easily. To the novel-reader, more than to the science-reader, this word carries a lot of baggage which cannot be ignored. So, why does Mayr use this word and what is he really trying to say? Does Mayr truly believe that evolution can be perfect? The baggage that gets snared when Mayr uses the word "perfect" in his discussions of evolution is the complicated literary definition given to this word. Exact and flawless are some common synonyms of the word perfect. Perfection is something that has reached the pinnacle, the zenith of existence. Nothing which is perfect needs any alterations, modifications or changes. When something is perfect it exists with ease. It does not struggle to remain where it is, and it does not struggle to remain alive; it works in harmony with its environment. Going beyond the definition, something that is perfect is commonly more highly valued than those things around it which have not yet reached perfection. People place a certain amount of value on things that occur with ease. The human race seems constantly to be striving for something that is faster, cleaner. Something that can achieve these goals with ease earns the title of perfection and is highly. The only problem with perfection, as least in the realm of science, is that once the peak of perfection is reached there is no place towards it can further develop.